Small maritime province covering an area of 73 436 km2 (28 354 sq miles) in eastern Canada, between the state of Maine in the USA and Quebec to the west and northwest and Nova Scotia to the south. The French first settled there in 1604, and the territory was in turn part of the French province of Acadia and the British province of Nova Scotia until it was made a colony in 1784. The province has a long coastline and consists mainly of rolling, forested hills. The population is largely rural and there are only three towns with more than 25 000 people. The economy is mainly based on forest products and food processing supported by coal and oil resources. Tourism is becoming increasingly important. FREDERICTON is the capital and SAINT JOHN the largest urban centre.
Population 696 000
Saint John
River, 673 km (418 miles) long, which rises in Maine, USA, and forms part of the US-Canadian border before flowing across New Brunswick into the Bay of FUNDY at the port of SAINT JOHN. It is navigable for small vessels as far as FREDERICTON, New Brunswick. At Grand Falls, on the US border, the river drops 23 m (75 ft) in a great cataract and at Reversing Falls rapids, near the mouth of the river, the flow is reversed by high tides surging up the Bay of Fundy.
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