1. Largest province, covering 1 358 000 km2 (524 300 sq miles) in the east between Hudson Bay and Labrador. The people are mostly French speaking. The capital is Quebec city and the largest city is Montreal. The province includes three geographic regions: the CANADIAN SHIELD in the north; the ST LAWRENCE Lowland Valley, where most of the people live; and the Appalachian region, composed of undulating plateaus which rise to more than 1000 m (3280 ft) near the US border.
The Shield is densely forested and has mines producing copper, iron, zinc, silver and gold. Asbestos is found in the south. The Lowland farms yield sugar beet, tobacco, market garden and dairy products. Abundant hydroelectricity has led to the development of metallurgical industries. Manufactured goods include transport equipment, textiles and clothing.
2. Capital of the province of Quebec and Canada's oldest city, founded in 1608 by the French explorer Samuel de Champlain. It stands on the St. Lawrence river at its junction with the Charles river. Quebec was taken from the French by British troops under General James Wolfe in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham (1759). It is the only walled city in Canada, and still retains much of its old French atmosphere. The upper town, built on cliffs, has narrow streets and ancient houses, and contains the main public buildings. The lower town has an excellent harbor and contains the business and industrial areas. Quebec has cathedrals, universities, the Church of Notre Dame des Victoires, and the Chateau Frontenac hotel.
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