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Map directions

On topographic maps, lines of longitude indicate North direction or True North.

Magnetic North direction is also indicated on topographic maps. The difference in angle between Magnetic North and True North is called the Magnetic declination. The value of Magnetic declination varies slightly from place to place and time to time. The amount of such variation is also indicated in topographic maps.

Directions are usually measured clockwise from North. If the directions of point A is 225 degrees from B, it means, A is located South West of B. This is a type Whole Circle Bearing.

Sometimes bearings are measured from the North-South line. This is called Quadrantal Bearing. The relation between the two is expressed below:

Whole circle Bearing Quadrantal Bearing
QA 40° N 40° E
OB 130° S 50° E
OC 240° S 50° W
OD 330° N 30° W

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Germany - Cologne

Cologne Cologne is situated on the beautiful Rhine River.

Locals hypothesize that the legacy of Italian blood and culture in Cologne, colonized by the Romans more than 1500 years ago, makes the people more jovial and lighthearted. Cologne is the largest city on the Rhine.

Kolsch is not only the dialect spoken here but, also the name of their own top-fermented beer. There are more than 4,000 pubs, restaurant's and brewery taverns in Cologne.

Unlike many of the world's large cities, Cologne, with a population of over a million, gets better every day, there are more things to do and see, more new and innovative buildings... more

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