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The Koppen climate classification system (2)

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Climatology: Air masses, Air pollution, Air temperature maps, Atmospheric moisture, Biochemical Cycle, Breezes, Climate change, Climates Classification, Clouds, Cyclones & Anticyclones, Desert Climates, Dew point, Harmful effects of atmospheric pollution, Elevation precipitations, Energy losses, Equatorial and Tropical Climates, Equatorial weather disturbances, Air mass source regions and frontal zones as a basis of classification, Cold and warm fronts, Frost, Global circulation systems, Global radiation, Highland climate, Homosphere & Troposphere, Humid Climates Temperature, Humid Climates, Humidity, Hygrometers, Icebergs, Icecap climate, Insolation, Pollution inversion, Jet stream, The Koppen climate classification system, The Koppen climate classification system (2), Land and water differences, Latent Heat, Latitude, Littoral Climates, Local winds, Marine Climates, Air masses classification, Mediterranean Climates, Middle Climates, Monsoon winds, North American Air masses, Northern pressure, Open System, Orographic & Cyclonic Precipitations, Phenomena of the outer atmosphere, Permafrost, Polar, Arctic, and Highland Climates, Pollution sources, Precipitation as a basis for climate classification, Precipitation conditions, Precipitation measure, Precipitations, Radiation balance, Rainforest Climates, Sea ice, Smog, Soil moisture as a basis for climate classification, Steppe Climates, Steppes Climates, Marine sub arctic climate, Subtropical Climates, Surface pressure, Thornthwaite's Climates Classification, Thornthwaite's Climates Classification (2), Thunderstorms, Tornadoes, Traveling cyclones, Trewartha's Climates Classification, Trewartha's Climates Classification (2), Trewartha's Climates Classification (3), Tropical Cyclones, Tropical Cyclones Distribution, Troposphere & Man, Tundra climate, Urbanisation, Vegetation and Climate, Wave cyclones, Weather Control, West Climates, Wet-Dry Climates, Wind systems, Winds


1. Welcome, lone traveler from Beverly Hills!

Anna

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The Koppen climate classification system (2)

Wladimir Koppen

(continued from this page)

Subgroups within the five major groups are designated by a second letter according to the following codes:

S: Steppes climate: A semi-arid climate with about 15 to 30 in (38 to 76 cm) of rainfall annually at low latitudes. Exact rainfall boundary determined by formula taking temperature into account.

W: Desert climate: Arid climate. Most regions included have less than 10 in (25 cm) of rainfall annually. Exact boundary with steppe climate determined by formula.

2. Main article



(The letters, S and W are applied only to the dry B climates, yielding two combinations, ES and EW.)

f Moist. Adequate precipitation in all months. No dry season. This modifier is applied to A, C, and D groups.

w Dry season in winter of the respective hemisphere (low sun season).

s Dry season in summer of the respective hemisphere (high-sun season).

3. References

Anna
Hey! - Are you really from Beverly Hills? Sounds like a cool place! Howz'it there? I've never been that far! Would you care to let me know? - I may even publish your description of Beverly Hills on this site; so please, write away; that'll help me! - Anna xxxxx <3




m Rain forest climate despite short, dry season in monsoon type of precipitations cycle. Applies only to A climates.

From combinations of the two letter groups, eleven distinct climates emerge as follows:

  • Af Tropical rain forest (Also Am, a variant of AD.
  • Aw Tropical savanna.
  • ES Steppe climate
  • EW Desert climate
  • CW Temperate rainy (humid mesothermal) climate with dry winter.
  • Cf Temperate rainy (humid mesothermal) climate moist all seasons.
  • Cs Temperate rainy (humid mesothermal) climate with dry summer.
  • Df Cold snowy forest (humid microthermal) climate moist in all seasons.
  • Dw Cold snowy forest (humid microthermal) climate with dry winter.
  • ET Tundra climate.
  • Ef Climates of perpetual frost (ice caps).

    To differentiate still more variations in temperature or other weather elements. Koppen added a third letter to the code group. meanings are as follows:

  • a With hot summer, warmest month over 71.6°F (22°C) (C and D climates).
  • b With warm summer, warmest month below 71.6°F (22°C) (C and D climates).
  • c With cool, short summer; less than four months over 50°F (10°C) (C and D climates).
  • d With very cold winter, coldest month below - 36.4°F (-38°C) (D climates only).
  • h Dry-hot; mean annual temperature over 64.4°F (18°C) (B climates only).
  • k Dry-cold; mean annual temperature under 64.4°F (18°C) (B climates only).

    As an example of a complete Koppen climate code, Bwk would refer to cool desert climate, Dfc would refer to cold, snowy forest climate with cool, short summer.

    Advantages of Koppen's classification. Koppen used the temperature and precipitation statistics in his classification of the climate. These two weather elements are easy to measure. Because of this quality, these elements are most widely and most frequently used. Since Koppen's classification is based on statistical parameters, each climatic region can be precisely defined.

    Besides, the temperature and precipitation are the two most effective weather elements that exhibit the effects of climatic controls more clearly than any other weather elements. These elements affect other aspects of our physical environment more directly than any other element. Obviously, the system of classification devised by Koppen is directly related to those aspects of environment, which are clearly visible to us. His climatic classification system is based on the relationship between the types of plants at a particular place and the climatic characteristics of the place. Thus, his scheme is not a mere abstraction. Further, Koppen introduced the concept of effective precipitation which depends on the rate of potential evapotranspiration. Potential evapotranspiration is largely controlled by temperature. Thus, in Koppen's classification the relationship between heat and moisture factor gets due recognition. The moisture requirement of plant varies with the rate of evapotranspiration. For example, an amount of precipitation sufficient to support coniferous forest in the cool temperate zone may support little plant life in a low-latitude desert.

    Another advantage of this classification is that it is possible to assign a given place to a particular climatic sub-group only on the basis of certain easily acquired statistics about an area's temperature and precipitation. Besides, this system of climatic classification is descriptive and generalized and therefore, it is more useful to geographers.

    Next: Land and water differences







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