An understanding of weather disturbances of all intensities enables man to predict their times and places of occurrence, and thus to give warnings and allow protective measures to be taken. This function of the atmosphere scientist can be placed under the heading of environmental protection. It is also possible to a limited degree for man to modify atmospheric processes in a deliberate way, in order to ameliorate the intensity of wind stresses and precipitation intensities, in the case of storms, and to increase precipitation over drought areas. These activities come under the heading of planned weather modification. Here, again, we find that the relationship of man with the atmosphere is one of interaction.
Traveling cyclones - Much unsettled, cloudy weather experienced in middle and high latitudes is associated with traveling cyclones. The convergence of masses of air toward these centre is accompanied by lift of air and adiabatic cooling, which, in torn, produces cloudiness and precipitation. By contrast, much fair, sunny weather is associated with traveling anticyclones in which the air tends to subside and spread outward, causing adiabatic warning, a process that is unfavorable to the development of clouds and precipitation.
Cyclones may be very mild in intensity, passing with little more than a period of cloud cover and light rain or snow. On the other hand, if the pressure gradient is strong, winds ranging in strength from moderate to gale force may accompany the cyclone. In such a case, the disturbance may be called a cyclonic storm.
Moving cyclones fall into three general classes.
(1) The wave cyclone of middle and high latitudes (also called extra tropical cyclone). It ranges in. severity from a weak disturbance to a powerful storm.
(2) The tropical cyclone of low latitudes over ocean areas. It ranges from a mild disturbance to the terribly destructive hurricane, or typhoon.
(3) The tornado. Although a very small storm, it is an intense cyclonic vortex of enormously powerful winds.
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