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Igneous Rocks, Minerals

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Igneous Rocks, Minerals

Igneous rock

On this basis, the igneous rocks are divided into sub-groups

(i) Acid Igneous Rocks - It has an excess of acid forming radical-Silicon (SiO2). It is about 80% and the rest has Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, etc. Due to the excess of silicon, it cools fast and therefore it does not flow and spread far away. High mountains are formed on this type of rock.

Due to the small content of Iron and Magnesium, it has a light colour and low relative density. It resists erosion, which is very slow. Main example of the rode is Granite. (ii) Basic Igneous Rock - The silicon content in this rock is below 40%. It has 40% Magnesium, and the rest 10% contains Iron, Aluminium and Potassium. Due to low Silicon content, it cools slowly. This is why the molten matter of this rock could flow and spread for away. Hence, plateaus were formed out of the flow of these rocks.

Due to excess of Magnesium, it has a deep colour. Basalt is a good example of this type of rock. As it is not very hard, it is eroded comparatively faster. Among other examples Gabbro and Dolerite are well known.

Next: Properties of Igneous Rocks

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