The Negroid Division. The Negroids are the people of Africa and Oceania and thus consists of two branches. The African and Oceanic. The African Branch includes the following sub groups.
1. Forest or True Negro in West Africa
2. Sudanese in Central Africa
3. Nilotic in East Africa
4. The Bantu in South Africa
5. The Bushmen-Hottentot in the Kalahari Desert of South Africa and
6. The African pygmies.
The Oceanic Negroids are commonly called Melanesian or Papuan and are found chiefly in Borneo, New Guinea, the Solomons, the Hebrides and Fiji Islands. In connection with the two major branches of Negroid stock, there also exist the Negroid Jungle flock of diminutive size and of much lower culture than their taller neighbors. They are pygmies who average about 4 ft. or so in stature. It is probably true that the whole of Africa south of the Sahara is inhabited by the Negroes, the greater number of them are not pure Negroes but carry Hamitic blood.
The true Negro group in Guinea coast of West Africa is tall, woolly haired with a skin so dark, that it is often described as black, stoutly built, short legged long armed, delichocephalic prognathous with thick curted lips, platyrrnine nose and bulging forehead. The Sudanese groups living in western Sudan exhibits the characteristic of mixed descent. The Negro like people who inhabit the region around the upper Nile are known Nilotic Negroes with strongly marked Hamitic traits. Sonic of the Nilotic are quite lean and lanky but because of the length of their legs, are the tallest in the world.
The eastern highlands of Africa, are peopled by a number of tribes who are collectively called the Bantus. They have mingled with Arabs and Hamites and therefore the Negro features are less well marked. They are usually shorter than the true Negroes and have not a very dark skin. The Bushmen and Hottentot groups live in and around the Kalahari Desert. The Bushmen are very short and have skin of a yellow colour. Their hair grows into peppercorn knots or tiny tuffs. The Hottentots have a yellowish skin of a brown tinge, prominent cheekbones and medium stature. Their physical traits (suggest that they have resulted from a blending of the Bushmen and Bantus. The African pygmies are know as Nelgillos who live in the dense forest region on both sides of the equator. They have Negro like facial features but are lighter skinned and short statured. They are considered to have been originally akin to the Bushmen.
The Oceanic Negroid Branch is found in the eastern side of the Indian Ocean. In the forests of South Eastern Asia are found another groups of pygmies known as Negritos who include the Andaman islanders, the Semangs of Malaya and some of the tribes of New Guinea. The Oceanic Negroes are represented in their purest form by Papuans of New Guinea and most of Melanesians. They are chocolate brown in colour, woolly haired, longheaded, broad nosed and medium statured. They have had considerable admixture with the groups of other primary races. Formerly, they had a wide distribution in Melanesia, probably in Australia and were present as a variety in Tasmania.
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